The History of Sex
[info]jesegigo
The 20th Century

A sensual, extensive series that looks at what sex has meant to the development of civilization--and what the development of civilization has meant to sex. From the first latex condom in the 1920s to the birth of the Pill in the 1960s, sexuality evolved at a rapid pace in the 20th century. How will sex change in the 21st century?



From Don Juan to Queen Victoria

This part of our sexual sweep through history covers the intensely romantic (Don Juan, Casanova) and the darkly perverse (Marquis de Sade), then moves on to the 19th century with its quirky views. It is the era of Queen Victoria, yet mail-order pornography takes off. We also reveal carnal kinks of the Pilgrims and Puritans.



The Middle Ages

In this steamy history, we trace the evolution of sexual beliefs and practices from the fall of the Roman Empire through the Renaissance. We'll also uncover the conflicting extremes of medieval romance and sex--from the bawdy life of European city dwellers to the staid and dangerous practice of courtly love. Medieval scholars offer humorous and interesting carnal tales of lusty knights, bawdy widows, naughty priests, and chaste maidens.



The Eastern World

An exploration of sex in China, Japan, India, and the Arab world that offers an intriguing perspective on the interrelation of sexuality and spirituality in eastern culture. Among the topics presented are the ancient Chinese equivalent of viagra cialis online pharmacy pharmacy, Japanese acceptance of prostitutes and pornographic art, and tips from the Kama Sutra.



Ancient Civilizations

In this hour, we study sex in the ancient world--from Mesopotamians, who viewed adultery as a crime of theft, to Romans, who believed that squatting and sneezing after sex was a reliable method birth control. We also look at revealing Egyptian and Greek practices--from the origins of dildos, to intimate relations between Egyptian gods and goddesses, to the use of crocodile dung as a contraceptive.



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Prodotti per la disfunzione erettile sotto tre vesti
[info]jesegigo
Per quanto riguarda i prodotti per la disfunzione erettile (Viagra, online pharmacy viagra, Levitra) li troviamo in tre modalità: prodotto originale ( detto anche "Brand"), prodotto generico, prodotto generico dall'India.
Prodotto originale
Si tratta del prodotto "Brand" che porta il marchio della fabbrica che produce queste pillole: Pfizer per il Viagra, Lilly ICOS per il Cialis, Bayer per il Levitra. È un prodotto che è stato sovvenzionato da investimenti cospicui di queste cause farmaceutiche; investimenti che hanno finanziato la Ricerca, ma soprattutto la pubblicità.
Per questo motivo il Viagra, il Cialis e il Levitra originali che si trovano normalmente in farmacia e che si possono acquistare solamente con la prescrizione medica, hanno prezzi così alti. Queste case farmaceutiche hanno un assoluto bisogno di recuperare tutti i soldi investiti nei vari settori.
Il nome del farmaco commercializzato è un nome di fantasia, non il nome del suo principio attivo.
Ecco alcuni esempi in cui viene riportato il nome di fantasia del farmaco commercializzato e tra parentesi, il suo principio attivo:

Viagra (Sildenafil citrato)
Cialis (Tadalafil
Levitra (Vardenafil)

Prodotto generico
Il prodotto generico, è un prodotto per il quale è scaduto il copyright, il brevetto. Per esempio il Viagra generico sarà in vendita nel 2013, anno in cui scadrà il brevetto della Pfizer. Tra 4 anni quindi, sarà possibile acquistare legalmente il viagra generico in farmacia a un prezzo molto più basso rispetto a quello originale. Con lo scadenza della copertura brevettuali, altri produttori possono commercializzare più versioni del farmaco con lo stesso principio attivo. Un po’ come funziona oggi in India, dove il governo permette di riprodurre anche i farmaci soggetti a copertura brevettale. Per questo troviamo più di un prodotto con il principio attivo del cialis per esempio: Cialis generico, Tadacip e tanti altri. In Italia abbiamo già alcuni prodotti generici che possiamo acquistare tranquillamente in farmacia, ma ancora nessuno per curare la disfunzione erettile.
La vendita dei farmaci generici in Europa è in ascesa, e lo Stato spinge per la vendita di questi farmaci (che costano molto di meno) perché è il Ministero della Sanità che provvede alle spese di molti farmaci. Per questo il Governo fa una campagna di questo tipo semplicemente per una questione economica. C’è un considerevole risparmio tra un farmaco generico e uno di marca.
Facciamo un esempio andando su un dei maggiori siti per la vendita di prodotti per la disfunzione erettile (www.viagranow.eu) e comparando il Viagra brand (originale) con il viagra generico: 4 pillole di Viagra brand 100 mg costano 39,93 euro contro i 24,66 euro per ben 24 pillole di Viagra generico.

Prodotto generico dall’India
Abbiamo già detto che in India il Governo permette la produzione di medicinali che contengono un principio attivo coperto da brevetto. Questa legge, però, ha portato a un po’ di confusione in questo mercato.
Ci sono molte case farmaceutiche serie in India, che esportano i loro prodotti in tutto il mondo; ne citiamo alcune: Sun Pharma, Cipla Limited, Torrent Pharma, Ajantha Pharma, Intas Pharma.
Ma purtroppo, ci sono anche molte altre riproduzioni cinesi (quindi false) soprattutto per quanto riguarda prodotti come il Viagra, il Cialis, il Levitra, che vanno a inserirsi su questo immenso mercato. La truffa non sta solo qui, ma anche in molti siti che su internet si presentano come “Farmacie online”, ma in realtà non sono nient’altro che siti che attuano il cosiddetto “Phishing”, ovvero il furto dei propri estremi bancari.
Ricapitolando: si possono trovare farmacie online serie su internet che vendono ottimi prodotti che arrivano dall’India (tra tutti, ricordiamo sempre il cialis, il viagra e il cialis, nelle loro proposte generiche), ma bisogna avere delle accortezze:

- Farsi dire dove vengono prodotti questi medicinali
- Farsi dire i nomi delle case farmaceutiche
- Accertarsi che il sito possegga una pagina di pagamento online sicura (per queste informazioni rimandiamo alla sezione “Vademecum anti frode” nell’home page di www.viagranow.eu)

Altra cosa da tenere assolutamente in considerazione: assicurarsi che gli ordini, i prodotti che voi ordinate, non vengano spediti al di fuori dell’Europa, altrimenti il vostro pacco contenente viagra potrebbe essere bloccato dalla dogana.



Article review: What's wrong with self-guided learning?
[info]jesegigo
See also: cheap cialis | 

Article review: What's wrong with self-guided learning?



There is a constant tug-of-war between self-guided learning and supervised learning. With the advances in technology for medical education such as asynchronous learning modules, simulation, there has been a movement away from traditional, instructor-led teaching and towards more independent, self-guided learning. There is less supervision of learning.




But left unsupervised, are learners learning the right things and doing so optimally? The authors, in this review, say yes and no. 






How can learners optimize the practice of self-guided learning? 

The authors delved into the educational psychology literature. The trick is to use under-appreciated cognitive tools in the learning process. 


  • Self-monitoring: Keep a record of and be cognizant of the learning process. An example is keeping a record of learning behaviors or personal performance while learning about a particular skill or topic. This reflective approach has been shown to increase self-awareness and improves learning outcomes.

  • Selecting what to study: Metacognition research shows that learners are only average at being able to identify learning needs. Interestingly without any time pressure, learners focus first on difficult concepts and then easier concepts later. WITH time pressure (which is pretty much all of medical education), learners focus first on easier items or most proximal topics.  

  • Self-testing: Frequent "retrieval practice", or self-testing, has been shown to improve learning retention. Many learners don't do this because subconsciously it's natural to want to avoid being wrong.



Why do we even need instructor supervision then?


Expert instruction is still vital in education. Instructors can...



  • more accurately identify and learner's skill/knowledge level and set appropriate learning goals. It's the instructor's job to constantly challenge and push the learner to learn more.

  • challenge learners in a different way than learners can challenge themselves. This includes teaching which dispels any false illusions of competence on the part of the learner. This may include scheduling class time to do self-tests, practicing random (instead of a focused) skills, providing summary rather than more real-time feedback. 

  • provide support in challenging learning environments.



The authors advocate for a hybrid learning approach called "directed self-guided learning" where the instructor has a behind-the-scenes presence in the independent learning experience. This presence may include designing a structured, step-wise curriculum which the learner can progress through at his/her own pace with multiple checkpoints on learner competency. More studies need to look into the good and bad habits of self-guided learning, how to incorporate external resources into self-guided learning, and the best approach to challenge our learners.




This article is worth a read, although I had to read it a couple of times to really let the content sink in. It's a pretty densely packed article.



Reference

Brydges R, Dubrowski A, Regehr G. A new concept of unsupervised learning: directed self-guided learning in the health professions. Academic viagra. 2010, 85(10 Suppl): S49-55. PMID: 20881703

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CIA Uses Viagra as Bribing Tactic to get Intel from Afghan Warlords
[info]jesegigo
CIA Uses cialis as Bribing Tactic...
to get Intel from Afghan Warlords
Monday
, December 29, 2008
.
The WashingtonPost.com website brings us this uplifting report and it goes in part like this...
...The Afghan chieftain looked older than his 60-odd years, and his bearded face bore the creases of a man burdened with duties as tribal patriarch and husband to four younger women. His visitor, a CIA officer, saw an opportunity, and reached into his bag for a small gift. Four blue pills-- Viagra... "Take one of these. You'll love it," the officer said. Compliments of Uncle Sam... The enticement worked. The officer, who described the encounter, returned four days later to an enthusiastic reception. The grinning chief offered up a bonanza of information about Taliban movements and supply routes -- followed by a request for more pills...

Read the rest of this Rousing Story at link below...
Little Blue Pills Among the Ways CIA Wins Friends in Afghanistan
.
* DNAIndia.com reports it this way...
US uses Viagra against Qaeda, Taliban
.
**********************
.
The things we do for our country...
AubreyJ.........
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